Introduction

Hi all, welcome to the Programming Club Introductory Workshop 2016!

Terminal

Try opening Terminal (sometimes known as Command Line) from the top-left menus. You should find it in the ‘System’ applications.

Mind it, some operating systems like Ubuntu might have a shortcut for this, you can open it using Ctrl+Alt+T, but not in the CC machines.

This is where you should learn to do all stuff related to programming, since this gives you unfathomable power.

Directory structure

Linux organizes files and folders in the following way:

• Files are kept inside folders
• You can enter and exit folders just like in Windows
• Folders are named in the following way: /path-to-folder/folder-name. This is what completely describes a folder (or a file).
• We will be using the word directory for folders. Please note this.

To play around with this, try to use the following commands:

Gedit

We will be using gedit to write your programs. Find it from the applications menu and open it. Don’t be scared, it’s very much like notepad from Windows.

Python

Try running python command in the terminal. You should see something like:

Python 2.7.10 (default, Jul  6 2016, 22:05:31) 
[GCC 4.9.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

The >>> is the place where you type. Try typing the following:

• 2+2
• print “hello world!”
• print a (you should get an error)
• a = 4
• print a*2

You used an operator in a*2 - the multiplication operator. Other operators you need to try out are:

If/Else

Now that you know how to write simple things, let’s proceed to something interesting.

Python reads spaces and tabs in your program as well. So for writing a complicated instruction for the computer, we will need to use multiple lines. We will indent the lines in such a way that the computer can understand that they are meant to be read together.

Try the following:

a = 0
if a is not 0:
    print "a is not zero"
else:
    print "a is zero"

That’s it! See?

Sometimes one condition isn’t enough though. In that case, you are allowed to chain up multiple conditions using and and or like so:

a = 0
b = 0
if a is 1 or b is a:
	print "Condition successful"
else:
	print "condition failed"

That’s all good, but what if you want multiple checks on a variable? For example, let’s say you want to do Action 1 if a<10 and Action 2 if a=10 and Action 3 when a>10, what then? This is where if-elif-elif-elif-...-else construct comes into the picture. Use it like this:

a = 4
if a < 0:
	print "a is less than 0"
elif a >= 0 and a < 4:
	print "a is between 0 and 4"
elif a >= 4 and a < 10:
	print "a is between 4 and 10"
else:
	print "a is bigger than 10"

Loops

Now for some loopy-loops!

a = 0
while a < 10:
    print a
    a = a + 1

Reading input

You can read input from the user using something like this:

a = raw_input()
print "Hello mr. " + a

b = int(raw_input())
print b + 5

See what happens there?

CodeChef!

Try this link here

Can you solve this problem? Try writing a program for this! Please give it a try before you scroll down.

It’s quite small! Here’s the solution!

while True:
    x = int(raw_input())
    if x == 42:
        break
    print x

So you should now certainly create an account on CodeChef! Try submitting the solution there (don’t forget to select Python when you submit). Happy coding!

C

Create a file called hello.c with the following content:

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
  printf("Hello World\n");
  return 0;
}

Compiling

To actually run the code, execute the following command on the terminal:

gcc -o hello hello.c

The above command tells the computer to create an executable called hello (The part after -o) using the code from the file hello.c.

Now to run the executable, type:

./hello

in the terminal.

Follow up

Congrats on finishing up to here! If you’re now pumped up for trying out some more challenges, try your hand at the following problems:

• ATM
• Factorial
• Enormous Input Test
• The Lead Game

Note C/C++/Java is the preferred language while participating in competitive contests, as ACM ICPC does not allow Python.